21st-century philosophers - Arne Næss,Jean-Luc Nancy,Seyyed Hossein Nasr,Stephen Neale,Shaun Nichols,Julian Nida-Rümelin,Martine Nida-Rümelin,Richard Norman,Claude Nowell,Martha Nussbaum,

Arne Dekke Eide Næss (27 January 1912 – 12 January 2009) was a Norwegian philosopher, the founder of deep ecology.He was the youngest person to be appointed full professor at the University of Oslo.
Næss cited Rachel Carson's 1962 book Silent Spring as being a key influence in his vision of deep ecology. Næss combined his ecological vision with Gandhian nonviolence and on several occasions participated in direct action. In 1970, together with a large number of demonstrators, he chained himself to rocks in front of Mardalsfossen, a waterfall in a Norwegian fjord, and refused to descend until plans to build a dam were dropped. Though the demonstrators were carried away by police and the dam was eventually built, the demonstration launched a more activist phase of Norwegian environmentalism. In 1958, Arne Næss founded the interdisciplinary journal of philosophy Inquiry.
Næss had been a minor political candidate for the Norwegian Green Party.
Næss was a noted mountaineer, who in 1950 led the expedition that made the first ascent of Tirich Mir (7,708 m). The Tvergastein hut in the Hallingskarvet massif played an important role in Næss' life.
In 2005 he was decorated as a Commander with Star of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav for socially useful work.

Jean-Luc Nancy (born July 26, 1940, Paris, France) is a French philosopher.
Nancy's first book, published in 1973, was Le titre de la lettre (The Title of the Letter, 1992), a reading of the work of French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan, written in collaboration with Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe. Nancy is the author of works on many thinkers, including La remarque spéculative in 1973 (The Speculative Remark, 2001) on G.W.F. Hegel, Le Discours de la syncope (1976) and L’Impératif catégorique (1983) on Immanuel Kant, Ego sum (1979) on René Descartes, and Le Partage des voix (1982) on Martin Heidegger. In addition to Le titre de la lettre, Nancy collaborated with Lacoue-Labarthe on several other books and articles. Major influences include Jacques Derrida, Georges Bataille, Maurice Blanchot and Friedrich Nietzsche.

Seyyed Hossein Nasr (Persian: سید حسین نصر) (born April 7, 1933 in Tehran) is an Iranian University Professor of Islamic studies at George Washington University, and a prominent Islamic philosopher. He is the author of many scholarly books and articles.
Nasr is a Muslim Persian philosopher and renowned scholar of comparative religion, a lifelong student and follower of Frithjof Schuon, and writes in the fields of Islamic esoterism, Sufism, philosophy of science, and metaphysics.
Nasr is the first Muslim to deliver the prestigious Gifford Lectures, and in year 2000, a volume was devoted to him in the Library of Living Philosophers.
Professor Nasr speaks and writes based on the doctrine and the viewpoints of the perennial philosophy on subjects such as philosophy, religion, spirituality, music, art, architecture, science, literature, civilizational dialogues, and the natural environment. He also wrote two books of poetry (namely Poems of the Way and The Pilgrimage of Life and the Wisdom of Rumi), and has been even described as a 'polymath'.
Nasr speaks Persian, English, French, German, Spanish and Arabic fluently.

Stephen Roy Albert Neale (born January 9, 1958) is Distinguished Professor of Philosophy and Linguistics and holder of the John H. Kornblith Family Chair in the Philosophy of Science and Values at the Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY). Neale is a specialist in the philosophy of language and has written extensively about meaning, information, and interpretation, and more generally about issues at the intersection of philosophy and linguistics. He has also written about the history of analytic philosophy and is one of the world’s leading authorities on Bertrand Russell’s Theory of Descriptions, on the philosophies of Paul Grice and Donald Davidson, and on the intricacies of formal arguments in logic known as slingshots. His best known writings are the books Descriptions (1990) and Facing Facts (2001), and the articles "Meaning, Grammar, and Indeterminacy" (1987), "Paul Grice and the Philosophy of Language" (1992), "Term Limits" (1993), "No Plagiarism Here!" (2001). He is the nephew of the horologist George Daniels.

Jacob Needleman (b. October 6, 1934 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American philosopher. He is professor of philosophy at San Francisco State University.He has published many books, most of which draw from G. I. Gurdjieff.

Shaun Nichols is employed as a professor in the Philosophy department at the University of Arizona.He received his PhD. in Philosophy from Rutgers in 1992 and his BA in Philosophy from Stanford. His early work was concerned primarily with questions in theory of mind. Subsequently, he became one of the major figures in the experimental philosophy movement and was awarded the Stanton Prize by the Society for Philosophy and Psychology in 2005. He is also currently a member of the Experimental Philosophy Lab at the University of Arizona.

Julian Nida-Rümelin (born November 28 1954) is a German philosopher. He was born in Munich into a family with a long artistic tradition.
Nida-Rümelin studied philosophy, physics, mathematics and political sciences. In 1983 he completed his PhD in philosophy at the University of Munich and then became an assistant professor at the Department of Political Sciences of said university. His state doctorate followed in 1989 at the Department of Philosophy in Munich. After spending one year in Minnesota as a visiting professor, he was appointed to the Chair of the Centre of Science Ethics at the University of Tübingen. From 1993 to 2003 he held a chair of philosophy at the University of Göttingen and then moved to Munich as a full professor of Political Theory and Philosophy at the University of Munich.
From 1998 to 2000 he was the Head of the Municipal Department of Arts & Culture of Munich; from January 2001 to October 2002 Nida-Rümelin held a ministerial office as the State Minister for Culture and Media and was thus a member of the national government. Among others, he is a member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, the International Forum for Culture and Economy and the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

Martine Nida-Rümelin (* 1957 in Munich) is a philosopher. Since 1999, she is professor at the University of Fribourg in Switzerland. Her main areas of interest are philosophy of mind, theory of knowledge and philosophy of language. The major part of her published work is concerned with the special status of conscious individuals and aims at developing a non-materialist account which avoids the weaknesses of traditional dualism. Phenomenal consciousness, identity of conscious beings through time and across possible worlds, and the active role of the subject in its doings are central themes of her research. Rational intuitions and phenomenological reflexion play a prominent role in her philosophical approach.
Nida-Rümelin studied philosophy, psychology, mathematics und political science at the University of Munich.
In her doctoral thesis, she discussed the knowledge argument, by the Australian philosopher Frank Jackson, which is directed against a materialist conception of phenomenal consciousness, and presents one of the most important Qualia-based arguments. Her transformed version of the Mary-thought-experiment, has been much discussed and coined the "Nida-Rümelin room" by John Perry.
In her habilitation she developed a non-reductionist view about the identity of conscious individuals.
Nida-Rümelin is the daughter of the sculptor Rolf Nida-Rümelin, the grand-daughter of the sculptor Wilhelm Nida-Rümelin and the sister of the philosopher and politician Julian Nida-Rümelin.

Professor Richard J. Norman, BA (Cantab), PhD (London), is a British academic, philosopher and humanist. He is currently Emeritus Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Kent, and Vice-President of the British Humanist Association.
He formerly taught philosophy at the University of Kent, where his areas of interest were mainly moral and political philosophy, including both theoretical and practical ethics.His published works include:
The Moral Philosophers (1983)
Free and Equal (1987)
Ethics, Killing and War (1995)
On Humanism (2004)

Martha Nussbaum (born Martha Craven on May 6, 1947) is an American philosopher with a particular interest in ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, political philosophy and ethics.
Nussbaum, though not a lawyer, is currently Ernst Freund Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Ethics at the University of Chicago, a chair that includes appointments in the Philosophy Department, the Law School, and the Divinity School. She also holds Associate appointments in Classics and Political Science, is a member of the Committee on Southern Asian Studies, and a Board Member of the Human Rights Program. She previously taught at Harvard and Brown where she held the rank of university professor.