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Athena's Temple

Athena's Temple
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Showing posts with label 1859-1941. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 1859-1941. Show all posts

Friday, December 4, 2009

:The two sources of Morality and Religion" by Henri Bergson,1932


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There are two kinds of morality :
compulsive morality and
ideal morality.
.
There are two kinds of religion :
popular religion and
dynamic religion.
.
Corresponding to the two kinds of morality and the two kinds of religion are :
two kinds of societies :
the closed and
the open,
and two kinds of souls :
the enslaved and
the free.
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The two sources of morality and religion are the practical needs of men and societies and the idealistic impulse.
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Men rise above the static patterns of compulsive moralities and popular religions,
achieving freedom in open societies,when they recapture,
through mystical intuition,their original vital impetus.
..

Monday, November 30, 2009

"An introduction to Metaphysics" by Henri Bergson,1903


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Metaphysics is the science which uses intuition.
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Intuition is a kind of intellectual sympathy by which one understands an object by placing oneself within it.
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Intuitive knowledge is superior to analytic knowledge for intuitive knowledge is both absolute and perfect,while analytic knowledge is relative and imperfect.
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Science depends on symbols and employs the analytic method ;
consequently,science deals with classes rather than with individual objects ;
it can grasp time,motion,change,and the self only by reducing the fluid to the static.
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Intuition,on the other hand,reveals reality as a changing,restless flux
-a kind of creative mobility that can never be understood by the use of static concepts.
..

Thursday, November 26, 2009

"Time and Free Will" by Henri Bergson,1889


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It is inappropriate to limit thought to spatial concepts ;
time,in particular,should not be conceived of as extension.
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It is misleading to conceived of dynamic matters by the use of static concepts.
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In giving accounts of aesthetic feelings or sensations,
philosophers often attempt to describe qualitative changes in a quantitative fashion.
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Space is the material with which mind builds up the conception of number,
but the sensations by means of which we form the idea of space are themselves unextended and qualitative,not quantitative.
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Time is duration,
and duration may very well be nothing but succession of qualitative changes permeating each other.
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A self of pure duration is not subject to the distinctions which are imposed upon the self considered symbolically ; the self is free when its acts spring from the whole personality.
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Monday, June 29, 2009

"Creative Evolution" by Henri Bergson,1906


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The attempt to understand the self by analysing it in terms of static concepts

must fail to reveal the dynamic,changing character of the self.

..

There is an interesting force that shows itself in living things,

an 'elan vital that has endured through the ages,

accounting for the creative evolution of life and of instinct and intilligence in living things.

..

Instinct is limited in that althought it grasps the fluid nature of living things,

it is limited to the individual ;

but intellect is limited in that although it constructs general truths,

it imposes upon life the static character of concepts.

..

But by the capacity of intuition,

a disinterested and self-conscious instinct,

a kind of knowledge is made possible which is superiore to that

provided by either instinct or intellect working separately.

..