"The courage to Be" by Paul Tillich,1952

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Considered from the ethical point of view,
courage in a man is a sign of his caring for something enough to decide and to act despite opposition ;
considered in terms of its effect on his being -ontologically-,
courage is the self-affirmation of one's being.
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These points of view are united in the conception of courage as the self-affirmation of one's being in the presence of the threat of nonbeing ;
anxiety is the felt awareness of the threat of nonbeing,
and courage is the resolute opposition to the threat in such a manner that being is affirmed.
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Three types of anxiety :
ontic,-the anxiety of fate and death,
moral,-the anxiety of guilt and condemnation-and
spiritual,-the anxiety of emptiness and meaninglessness-,
are present in all cultural ages,
but spiritual anxiety is predominant in the modern period.
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Existential anxiety cannot be removed ;
it can be faced only by those who have the courage to be.
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The courage to be involves the courage to participate,to be oneself,
and to unite the two by absolute faith in the God above God,
"being-itself".
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"Systematic Theology" by paul Tillich,1951

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Man was created to be oriented by an ultimate concern ;
such a concern may be either for God or for some finite object.
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Philosophy is the cognitive approach to reality in which reality is the object ;
theology is concerned with the meaning of being for men.
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The sources of systematic theology are the Bible,tradition,and the history of religion and culture ; these sources are perceived through the medium of experience.
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Revelational answers are taken by the theologian from the source,
through the medium,and under the norm -the New Being in Jesus as the Christ-.
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Revelation,transcends the subject-object distinction ;
usually in a moment of "ontic shock",
the abrupt confrontation with the power of being,
one's finiteness is overcome by anticipation : this is salvation.
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Religious symbols need not be true ;
it is enough that they be existentially effective,
that they evoke awareness of the power of being.
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To Be and To Participate

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Considered from the ethical point of view,

courage in a man is a sign of his caring for something enough to decide

and to act despite opposition ;

considered in terms of its effect on his being -ontologically-,

courage is the self-affirmation of one's being.

..

These points of view are united in the conception of courage as

the self-affirmation of one's being in the presence of the threat of nonbeing ;

anxiety in the felt awareness of the threat of nonbeing,

and courage is the resolute opposition to the threat in such a manner

that being is affirmed.

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Three types of ANXIETY :

a.ontic,

b.moral,and

c.spiritual

-the anxiety of FATE and DEATH,

of GUILT and CONDEMNATION,

of EMPTINESS and MEANINGLESSNESS-

are present in all cultural ages,

but SPIRITUAL ANXIETY is predominant in the modern period.

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EXISTENTIAL ANXIETY cannot be removed ;

it can be faced only by those who have the courage TO BE.

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The courage TO BE involves the courage to PARTICIPATE,

TO BE ONESELF,

and to unite the two by absolute faith in the God above God,

''BEING-ITSELF''.

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