Phaedrus by Plato

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Lysias is reported by Phaedrus as having argued that :

" it is better to be loved by one who does not love than by one who does "

for the lover is moved by passion and can do harm.

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Socrates at first agrees that :

" love is irrational and therefore harmful ",

but on reflection he maintains that :

" madness is sometime divine,and that love is a kind of divine madness ".

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The soul is like a winged charioteer driving a team of horses ;

the charioteer,if inspired by love of the ideal,

"is reason or intelligence in control of the good horse -Will- and the bad horse -Passion-".

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Souls which have seen the most of Being,

having known the eternal forms or Ideas of all things,

pass into the bodies of philosophers,or lovers of wisdom ;

souls which are disciplined and full of wisdom return to their heavenly home.

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Good rhetoric depends on having true knowledge ;

the Sophists are mistaken in claiming that

"the appearance of knowledge is all that is necessary".

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