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In the state of nature all men are free and equal ;
no man is by nature sovereign over other men.
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The law of nature governs the state of nature ;
reason reveals the law of nature,which derived from God.
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In a state of nature no one ought to harm another in his life,health,liberty,or possessions
-and if anyone does harm another,the one he harms has the right to punish him.
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By his labor a man acquires as his property the products of his labor.
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In order to remedy the inconveniences resulting from a state of nature in which every man is judge of his own acts,men enter into a contract,thereby creating a civil society empowered to judge men and to defend the natural rights of men.
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If a government violates the social contract by endangering the security and rights of the citizens,it rebels against the people,and the people have the right to dissolve the government.
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(The ''Glorious Revolution'' of 1688 -
saw the expulsion of James II from the throne and the triumph of WHIG principles of government.
James II had been accused of abandoning the throne and thus violating the original contract between himself and his people.
Two years later John Locke's ''OF CIVIL...'',1690,came out and was looked upon by many as a tract which justified in philosophical terms those historical events.
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The first ''Treatise'' had been an argument against the view that kings derive their right to rule from divine command,a view held by the Stuarts,especially James I,and defended with little skill by Sir Robert Filmer in his ''PATRIARCHA'',1680.
After rejecting Filmer's thesis,Locke looked for a new basis of government and a new source of political power.)
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