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Wednesday, July 8, 2009

Republic by Plato

..
'' What is Justice ? ''
..
Thrasymachus suggests :
'' Justice is whatever is to the interrest of the stronger party
-since the stronger party makes the laws and enforces them- ''.
..
Socrates argues :
'' Rulers sometimes err and that,in any case,
the art of government,
like other arts,
is directed to the interests of those to be affected,
the people themselves ''.
..
Socrates claims :
'' The just man,
provided he has knowledge,
can rule both himself and others,
and that concern of the just man is not for himself alone ''.
..
To clarify the idea of justice and to prove its worth,
Socrates leads a discussion concerning justice in the state ;
he constructs the idea of an ideal state,
one which exhibits justice.
..
Any state needs :
1.guardians - rulers,
2.auxiliares - soldiers,and
3.workers .
..
Each class does its proper business without interfering with the others ;
analogously :
..The just man is one in whom the three elements of his nature,
1.the rational,
2.the spirited,and
3.the appetive,
are harmonized.
..
The IDEAL REPUBLIC is one in which,
the classes are carefully built up by
1.controlled breeding,
2.education,and
3.selection ;
Society is communized in order to eliminate quarrels about personal property.
..
The guardians of the state should be educated as philosophers,
having been prepared by training in music and gymnastic.
..

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