"Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel" by Joseph Butler,1726

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An examination of human nature reveals not only how man behaves,
but also how he ought to behave.
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Human nature,according to God's plan,is expressed properly when the passions are controlled by self-love and benevolence,and when the latter are controlled by conscience.
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Desires have external objects -such as building a house ;
the theory that all men act to secure their own happiness is mistaken,
for men often desire particular external objects without considering the satisfaction to come from securing such objects.
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The fact that pleasure is often the consequence of achieving what we desire does not imply that pleasure is the object of desire.
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The claim that even though men desire objects other than pleasure,
they are all basically selfish,is in error ;
it depends on identifying compassion with fear,
but experience shows no necessary correlation.
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If self-love is enlightened,
the course of action it prescribes will coincide with that of benevolence.
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